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Hydrogen decrepitation as a highly efficient and excellent crushing method is widely used in the preparation of NdFeB magnets. ... Expand. 1. Save. The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB based magnets. S. Adrwish. Materials Science, Engineering. 2013; The scrap magnets were turned into a powder using the HD process. …Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) has been used as an efficient and economical method in producing coarse NdFeB powder. This article studied the effects of hydrogen on the Nd-Dy-Fe-B magnets, such as HD ...2.1. Introduction of this section. HDDR treatment is used to obtain Nd-Fe-B magnet powders with good magnetic anisotropy and high coercivity [6,8,19].Therefore, HDDR treatment has been used to produce anisotropic bonded magnets for high-performance motors in automobiles and electronic devices [20,21].In typical HDDR …Fully dense sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The resultant powder has been subsequently processed in one of two ways in order to produce ...Aug 4, 2022 · One of the most promising solutions with regards to extraction of end-of-life (EOL) magnets is to apply hydrogen decrepitation and to physically separate the Nd-Fe-B as a demagnetized...

Jan 1, 2006 · Several recycling methods for NdFeB magnets have been developed, such as direct reuse,4 hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and regeneration of new NdFeB,5–7 pyrometallurgical methods,8,9 hydrometallurgical methods,10–13 gas-phase extraction. Direct reuse is only suitable for large magnets, such as those used for wind turbines, electric motors, and ...

Hydrogen decrepitation as a highly efficient and excellent crushing method is widely used in the preparation of NdFeB magnets. ... Expand. 1. Save. The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB based magnets. S. Adrwish. Materials Science, Engineering. 2013; The scrap magnets were turned into a powder using the HD process. …

Unfortunately, the contained NdFeB magnets break up into a friable magnetized powder which then sticks to the ferrous scrap and the shredder itself. A production-scale plant in Germany planned to go onstream in 2024 and a pilot plant launched a few months ago in the UK, expected to graduate to production-scale in 2023, …Hydrogen Decrepitation is a process step used in the production of Neodymium magnets to create extremely small grains in the material. Neodymium magnets must have very …An effective and complete processing route for the recycling of sintered Nd-Fe-B scrap magnets was proposed. Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were subjected to the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) process at various temperatures in the range of 50–300 °C, at two different pressures, 50 kPa and 200 kPa, followed by vacuum dehydrogenation in …In this paper it is demonstrated that hydrogen could play a vital role in this process. Fully dense sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process.Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were subjected to the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) process at various temperatures in the range of 50-300°C, at two different pressures, 50 kPa and 200 kPa, followed by ...

The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB-type sintered magnets. M. Degri. Materials Science, Engineering. 2014. A study of the processing and characterisation of sintered NdFeB magnets made from recycled feed stock was undertaken. Initially the hydrogen decrepitated (HD) powder was investigated using two…. Expand.

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "A study of the effects of the addition of various amounts of Cu to sintered NdFeB magnets" by O. Ragg et al. ... from an Nd/sub 17/-Fe/sub 76.5/-B/sub 5/-Cu/sub 1.5/ alloy by a two-step heat treatment at 1370 K and 870 K following hydrogen decrepitation (HD)-processing. …

Anisotropic powder was prepared with precursor (NdDy)-(FeCoNbCu)-B sintered magnets by hydrogen decrepitation, desorption, and subsequent annealing treatment. The hydrogen desorption was performed in magnetic fields of 0, 1, 3, and 5 T. The orientation of tetragonal phase grains of the powder was evaluated from the …Apr 15, 2022 · An effective and complete processing route for the recycling of sintered Nd-Fe-B scrap magnets was proposed. Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were subjected to the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) process at various temperatures in the range of 50–300 °C, at two different pressures, 50 kPa and 200 kPa, followed by vacuum dehydrogenation in the range of 720–820 °C. This paper studied the corrosion behavior of c ∥ and c ⊥ surfaces in sintered (Ce 0.15 Nd 0.85) 30 Fe bal B magnets. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The distribution of RE-rich phase is improved after Ce substitution compared with the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and the value of A0 / A1 is approximate for both c ∥ and c ⊥ surfaces.During the hydrogenation process, a volume expansion takes place, which promotes the formation of transgranular and intergranular cracks, causing the breakup of the material [29].Fig. 1 shows the different types of fracture that can occur during the hydrogen decrepitation process. The hydrogenation of the grain boundary phase can lead to an …The method combines hydrogen decrepitation (HD) disintegration of the initial magnet, powder sieving and the Press-Less Process (PLP), where hydride powder is sintered in a graphite mold. Coercivities up to 534 kA/m were obtained in porous samples based on powder size d < 100 µm. Adding a ball milling step resulted in full density …Seven methods of production have been summarized, starting with the conventional powder metallurgy route and ending by the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) route, as they are the most applicable routes in this field. The advantages and disadvantages of the reported routes were mentioned. In fact, the HD method was found to have the following ...

Dec 25, 2017 · Recycling of Nd-Fe-B magnets is one of the few solutions to alleviate the supply risks of certain rare earth elements (REE) such as Nd and Dy. One of the most promising solutions with regards to extraction of end-of-life (EOL) magnets is to apply hydrogen decrepitation and to physically separate the Nd-Fe-B as a demagnetized hydrogenated powder. Hydrogen decrepitation of Nd-Fe-B type magnet alloys is a two stage process. Firstly, the hydrogen reacts with the Nd-rich phase at or close to room …Abstract: Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for recycling of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. During the HD process, the NdFeB breaksMar 14, 2016 · Hydrogen decrepitation (HD)/hydrogenation disproportionation desorption recombination (HDDR) is a process used in manufacturing REPM and carried out as pretreatment before green body sintering. During hydrogenation, the Nd-rich grain boundary phase in NdFeB magnets initially absorbs hydrogen forming Nd hydride: [ 49 ]. Oct 30, 2018 · The Hydrogen Decrepitation and the Hydrogen Disproportionation Desorption Recombination processes for the preparation and the recycling of the two industrially produced phases of SmCo alloys, SmCo5 and Sm2Co17, are reviewed. The effects of the chemical composition, the microstructure, the exposure time, the hydrogen pressure, and the temperature on the hydrogen absorption are discussed. The ...

Hydrogen Decrepitation is a process step used in the production of Neodymium magnets to create extremely small grains in the material. Neodymium magnets must have very …The rapid cooling of the strip flakes suppresses the growth of soft α-Fe branch crystal grains. The thickness of the strip flakes was about 0.25–0.35 mm. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD), which uses the expansion of hydrogen to break up the flakes, was followed by milling in a jet mill (JM). The particles were then accelerated to supersonic ...

magnets from electrical and electronic equipment. These materials are then processed using hydrogen decrepitation to transform the NdFeB magnets into a hydrogenated powder. This powder can then be extracted mechanically from the obsolete devices, and can then be processed further to produce either sintered or bonded rare earth magnets.Sadly, one of the most common RE magnets, NdFeB, is produced as powder by strip casting and jet milling or by hydrogen decrepitation process, both of which yield irregular/angular powders. Such irregular powders exhibit low flowability making them unfit for most advanced manufacturing techniques. This work presents the use of an induction ...Hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics for high coercivity NdDyFeCoNbCuB sintered bulk magnets were studied, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement and hydrogenation kinetics measurement. The DSC measurements showed that hydrogenation of Nd-rich phase occurred in the temperature range of …The hydrogen treatment of the Nd‐Fe‐B alloy ingots was found to produce magnet powders with good magnetic properties. Typical magnetic properties of these powders are as follows; 4πIs = 9.5 kG, Br = 7.7 kG, iHc = 9.4 kOe, and (BH)max = 12.2 MGOe. Microstructural studies of these powders showed that they are made of fine …Jan 1, 2020 · Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) can be used as a direct reuse approach and effective method of recycling process to turn solid sintered magnets into a demagnetised powder for further processing. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical InformationJun 27, 2014 · The scrap sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets were recycled as the raw materials for bonded magnets using the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The HD powders have the lowest oxygen and hydrogen content by hydrogenation at 150 °C with 1 bar H2 pressure and dehydrogenation at 600 °C. The powders with the largest particle size (>380 μm) bear the best magnetic properties (B r = 110.59 emu/g, H cj ... The fabrication of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets is composed of quite a few processes mainly including strip casting, hydrogen decrepitation, jet-milling, magnetic alignment and pressing, sintering and subsequent heat treatment, machining, and surface coating. ... Possible methods of recycling NdFeB-type sintered magnets using the …In this paper it is demonstrated that hydrogen could play a vital role in this process. Fully dense sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process.The extracted NdFeB powder is of a purity whereby it can be re-processed into new magnetic materials or rare earth alloys. HyProMag Ltd will be targeting a wide range of end of life applications. Illustration of the HPMS process applied to the voice coil assembly of a hard disk drive. Pilot HPMS reactor capable of processing 5kg of NdFeB.

Absorption and desorption of hydrogen by the permanent magnet material Nd 2 Fe 1 4 B have been studied using a microcomputer‐controlled, thermomanometric analyzer with an initial hydrogen pressure of approximately 1 bar. Primary absorption occurs in the range 200–300 °C and results in the formation of a stable hydride with …

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Possible methods of recycling NdFeB-type sintered magnets using the HD/degassing process" by M. Zakotnik et al. ... The purpose of this thesis was to study the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) process as a way to recycle waste scraps of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets into highly coercitive and anisotropic …

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "A study of the effects of the addition of various amounts of Cu to sintered NdFeB magnets" by O. Ragg et al. ... from an Nd/sub 17/-Fe/sub 76.5/-B/sub 5/-Cu/sub 1.5/ alloy by a two-step heat treatment at 1370 K and 870 K following hydrogen decrepitation (HD)-processing. …Hydrogen decrepitation process has been applied for the first time for the direct recycling of SmCo 5 magnets. Industrially produced sintered SmCo ... Nowadays, NdFeB magnets represent more than 90% of the REE permanent magnets production. But, SmCo magnets have much higher coercivity and better temperature resistance, and many experts expect ...calcium [12] and hydrogen decrepitation [1,13-19]. Many of these are under current development. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is based on the selective synthesis of neodymium hydrides though the reaction of hydrogen gas with neodymium located in the Nd-Fe-B magnet. HD process was originally designed and patented by Harris et al. (1979) as a way to The Hydrogen Decrepitation and the Hydrogen Disproportionation Desorption Recombination processes for the preparation and the recycling of the two industrially produced phases of SmCo alloys, SmCo5 and Sm2Co17, are reviewed. The effects of the chemical composition, the microstructure, the exposure time, the hydrogen …A high performance sintered NdFeB magnet with N52 was prepared by strip casting, hydrogen decrepitation, jet milling, rubber isostatic pressing with impulse magnetic field and vibrating. The structure of the magnet was investigated by XRD, optical microscope, TEM and SEM, and its demagnetization curve was tested by magnetograph. The results …Jan 1, 2020 · Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) can be used as a direct reuse approach and effective method of recycling process to turn solid sintered magnets into a demagnetised powder for further processing. Sprecher, et al. [8] compared the environmental impact of producing virgin NdFeB magnets to producing recycled NdFeB magnets from waste computer hard disk drives (HDDs) using hydrogen decrepitation. The results showed that recycling in general was more favorable to the environment, and this was especially true for manual …Investigating the properties of recycled NdFeB magnets. We report investigations on the processing by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of RE Fe B (RE Abstract 2 14 = Nd, Pr. . . ) powders obtained by hydrogen decrepitation of decommissioned magnets and the magnetic properties of the consolidated magnets.A combination of hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and jet milling (JM) has been used to produce powder for the processing of permanent magnets. ... The procedure has proved to be very successful for both NdFeB (Neomax) alloys and the NdDyFeNbB high coercivity alloys. The magnets produced by the HD/JM process showed excellent …Mar 1, 2019 · The Hydrogen Decrepitation process (HD) is used as an alternative method of powder preparation in the manufacturing process of sintered Nd Fe B magnets [1]. During the HD process a NdFeB-type material is hydrogenated by gaseous hydrogen at atmospheric (or elevated) pressure at room (or elevated) temperature. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is based on the selective synthesis of neodymium hydrides though the reaction of hydrogen gas with neodymium located in the Nd-Fe-B magnet. HD process was originally designed and patented by Harris et al. (1979) as a way to break down SmCo and Sm 2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr) alloys. 5 17.

The Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase is the main component of sintered NdFeB magnets. The ternary NdFeB phase diagram (Fig. 5.1(a)) shows that there are five phases in addition to the Nd 2 Fe 14 B (T1) phase: Fe, Nd 2 Fe 17, Nd 5 Fe 17, Nd 1.1 Fe 4 B 4 (T2), and Nd.Sintered NdFeB magnets are produced by the liquid phase sintering process and the …Jan 1, 2007 · The rapid cooling of the strip flakes suppresses the growth of soft α-Fe branch crystal grains. The thickness of the strip flakes was about 0.25–0.35 mm. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD), which uses the expansion of hydrogen to break up the flakes, was followed by milling in a jet mill (JM). The particles were then accelerated to supersonic ... Abstract: Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for recycling of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. During the …International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Volume 22, Issues 2–3 , February–March 1997 , Pages 241-244 Technical and operating features of interaction between hydrogens and alloys and magnets on the basis of rare earth metalsInstagram:https://instagram. cr_11.5u.mp4spider man the dream by cirenkyoga3 1024x450.jpegwhat does Received 21st February 2020, Accepted 5th March 2020. meric portion. The PA-free magnet powder was found to retain >90% of its original magnetic properties. Two epoxy-bonded magnets produced with this recycled magnet powder showed magnetic properties. DOI: 10.1039/d0gc00647e. Jan 1, 2006 · In this paper it is demonstrated that hydrogen could play a vital role in this process. Fully dense, sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The resultant powder has been subsequently processed in one of two ways in order to produce permanent magnets. jungle jimpercent27s weekly adyihvazdpjy May 5, 2017 · The room temperature hydrogenation causes decrepitation of the material, where the Nd-rich material forms NdH 2.7 and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrix grains form an interstitial hydrogen solution. The material expands by ∼5% and because of its brittle nature and differential expansion, undergoes decrepitation [16]. magnets from electrical and electronic equipment. These materials are then processed using hydrogen decrepitation to transform the NdFeB magnets into a hydrogenated powder. This powder can then be extracted mechanically from the obsolete devices, and can then be processed further to produce either sintered or bonded rare earth magnets. unsereleistungen NdFeB permanent magnets have different life cycles, depending on the applications: from as short as 2–3 years in consumer electronics to 20–30 years in wind turbines. The size of the magnets ranges from less than 1 g in small consumer electronics to about 1 kg in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid and electric vehicles (HEVs), and can be …Jul 14, 2000 · The decrepitation process and related changes in the sample temperature are analysed to explain the experimentally observed weight gain curve of a Nd–Fe–B sample due to hydrogen uptake. It is shown that the expansion of the specific surface resulting from decrepitation of the sample is the most important parameter controlling the hydrogen ...